Fix segfault with custom page sizes on aarch64 (#8918)

This commit fixes an issue with static memory initialization and custom
page sizes interacting together on aarch64 Linux. (is that specific
enough?)

When static memory initialization is enabled chunks of memory to
initialize the linear memory are made in host-page-size increments of
memory. This is done to enable page-mapping via copy-on-write if
customized. With the custom page sizes proposal, however, for the first
time it's possible for a linear memory to be smaller than this chunk of
memory. This means that a virtual memory allocation of a single host
page can be made which is smaller than the initialization chunk.

This currently only happens on aarch64 Linux where we coarsely
approximate that the host page size is 64k but many hosts run with 4k
pages. This means that a 64k initializer is created but the host only
allocates 4k for a linear memory. This means that memory initialization
can crash when a 64k initializer is copied into a 4k memory.

This was not caught via fuzzing because fuzzing only runs on x86_64.
This was not caught via CI because on CI guard pages are disabled
entirely on QEMU and we got lucky in that a number of virtual memory
allocations were all placed next to each other meaning that this copy
was probably corrupting some other memory. Locally this was found by
running tests on `main` as-is on AArch64 Linux (by bjorn3).

This commit implements a few safeguards and a fix for this issue:

* On CI with QEMU modestly-size guard pages are now enabled to catch
  this sooner in development should it happen again in the future.
* An `assert!` is added during memory initialization that the memory
  copy is indeed valid. This causes the tests to fail as-is on `main`
  even on x86_64.
* The issue itself is fixed by bailing out of static memory
  initialization should the host page size exceed the wasm page size
  which can now happen on aarch64 Linux with smaller page sizes.

crates/environ/src/compile/module_environ.rs

@@ -996,9 +996,20 @@ impl ModuleTranslation<'_> {
 
         // Validate that the memory information collected is indeed valid for
         // static memory initialization.
-        for info in info.values().filter(|i| i.data_size > 0) {
+        for (i, info) in info.iter().filter(|(_, info)| info.data_size > 0) {
             let image_size = info.max_addr - info.min_addr;
 
+            // Simplify things for now by bailing out entirely if any memory has
+            // a page size smaller than the host's page size. This fixes a case
+            // where currently initializers are created in host-page-size units
+            // of length which means that a larger-than-the-entire-memory
+            // initializer can be created. This can be handled technically but
+            // would require some more changes to help fix the assert elsewhere
+            // that this protects against.
+            if self.module.memory_plans[i].memory.page_size() < page_size {
+                return;
+            }
+
             // If the range of memory being initialized is less than twice the
             // total size of the data itself then it's assumed that static
             // initialization is ok. This means we'll at most double memory

crates/wasmtime/src/runtime/vm/instance/allocator.rs

@@ -732,7 +732,11 @@ fn initialize_memories(instance: &mut Instance, module: &Module) -> Result<()> {
 
             unsafe {
                 let src = self.instance.wasm_data(init.data.clone());
-                let dst = memory.base.add(usize::try_from(init.offset).unwrap());
+                let offset = usize::try_from(init.offset).unwrap();
+                let dst = memory.base.add(offset);
+
+                assert!(offset + src.len() <= memory.current_length());
+
                 // FIXME audit whether this is safe in the presence of shared
                 // memory
                 // (https://github.com/bytecodealliance/wasmtime/issues/4203).

tests/wast.rs

@@ -294,8 +294,10 @@ fn run_wast(wast: &Path, strategy: Strategy, pooling: bool) -> anyhow::Result<()
             cfg.static_memory_maximum_size(0);
         }
         cfg.dynamic_memory_reserved_for_growth(0);
-        cfg.static_memory_guard_size(0);
-        cfg.dynamic_memory_guard_size(0);
+
+        let small_guard = 64 * 1024;
+        cfg.static_memory_guard_size(small_guard);
+        cfg.dynamic_memory_guard_size(small_guard);
     }
 
     let _pooling_lock = if pooling {