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General information about the pyboard
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=====================================
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.. contents::
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Local filesystem and SD card
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----------------------------
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There is a small internal filesystem (a drive) on the pyboard, called ``/flash``,
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which is stored within the microcontroller's flash memory. If a micro SD card
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is inserted into the slot, it is available as ``/sd``.
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When the pyboard boots up, it needs to choose a filesystem to boot from. If
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there is no SD card, then it uses the internal filesystem ``/flash`` as the boot
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filesystem, otherwise, it uses the SD card ``/sd``. After the boot, the current
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directory is set to one of the directories above.
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If needed, you can prevent the use of the SD card by creating an empty file
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called ``/flash/SKIPSD``. If this file exists when the pyboard boots
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up then the SD card will be skipped and the pyboard will always boot from the
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internal filesystem (in this case the SD card won't be mounted but you can still
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mount and use it later in your program using ``os.mount``).
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(Note that on older versions of the board, ``/flash`` is called ``0:/`` and ``/sd``
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is called ``1:/``).
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The boot filesystem is used for 2 things: it is the filesystem from which
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the ``boot.py`` and ``main.py`` files are searched for, and it is the filesystem
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which is made available on your PC over the USB cable.
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The filesystem will be available as a USB flash drive on your PC. You can
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save files to the drive, and edit ``boot.py`` and ``main.py``.
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*Remember to eject (on Linux, unmount) the USB drive before you reset your
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pyboard.*
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Boot modes
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----------
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If you power up normally, or press the reset button, the pyboard will boot
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into standard mode: the ``boot.py`` file will be executed first, then the
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USB will be configured, then ``main.py`` will run.
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You can override this boot sequence by holding down the user switch as
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the board is booting up. Hold down user switch and press reset, and then
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as you continue to hold the user switch, the LEDs will count in binary.
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When the LEDs have reached the mode you want, let go of the user switch,
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the LEDs for the selected mode will flash quickly, and the board will boot.
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The modes are:
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1. Green LED only, *standard boot*: run ``boot.py`` then ``main.py``.
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2. Orange LED only, *safe boot*: don't run any scripts on boot-up.
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3. Green and orange LED together, *filesystem reset*: resets the flash
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filesystem to its factory state, then boots in safe mode.
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If your filesystem becomes corrupt, boot into mode 3 to fix it.
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If resetting the filesystem while plugged into your compute doesn't work,
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you can try doing the same procedure while the board is plugged into a USB
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charger, or other USB power supply without data connection.
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Errors: flashing LEDs
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---------------------
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There are currently 2 kinds of errors that you might see:
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1. If the red and green LEDs flash alternatively, then a Python script
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(eg ``main.py``) has an error. Use the REPL to debug it.
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2. If all 4 LEDs cycle on and off slowly, then there was a hard fault.
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This cannot be recovered from and you need to do a hard reset.
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.. include:: hardware/index.rst
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