surenyi
3 months ago
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\chapter{制作欧拉文件系统} |
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本章节介绍如何构建适用于 aarch64 的 openEuler 文件系统镜像。 |
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|
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\section{准备安装环境} |
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\begin{enumerate}[(1)] |
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\item 下载 openEuler 的 rpi 的镜像文件 |
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\begin{minted}[bgcolor=lightgray!30,fontsize=\scriptsize]{bash} |
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curl -O http://repo.openeuler.org/openEuler-24.03-LTS/raspi_img/\ |
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openEuler-24.03-LTS-raspi-aarch64.img.xz |
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xz -d openEuler-24.03-LTS-raspi-aarch64.img.xz |
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\end{minted} |
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\item 准备 aarch64 的系统： |
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\begin{minted}[bgcolor=lightgray!30,fontsize=\scriptsize]{bash} |
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sudo losetup -P /dev/loop0 openEuler-24.03-LTS-raspi-aarch64.img |
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sudo mount /dev/loop0p3 /media |
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mkdir rpi |
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sudo rsync -avzP /media/ rpi/ |
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sudo umount /media |
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sudo losetup -d /dev/loop0 |
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sudo cp /usr/bin/qemu-aarch64-static rpi/usr/bin |
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\end{minted} |
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\item 切换到安装环境 |
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\begin{minted}[bgcolor=lightgray!30,fontsize=\scriptsize]{bash} |
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sudo mount --bind /dev rpi/dev |
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sudo mount --bind /dev/pts rpi/dev/pts |
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sudo mount -t proc proc rpi/proc |
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sudo mount -t sysfs sys rpi/sys |
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sudo chroot rpi /usr/bin/qemu-aarch64-static /bin/bash -i |
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\end{minted} |
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\item 编辑 /etc/resolv.conf |
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\begin{minted}[bgcolor=lightgray!30,fontsize=\scriptsize]{bash} |
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nameserver 8.8.8.8 |
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nameserver 114.114.114.114 |
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\end{minted} |
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\item 安装依赖包 |
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\begin{minted}[bgcolor=lightgray!30,fontsize=\scriptsize]{bash} |
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dnf makecache |
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dnf install git wget make gcc bison dtc m4 flex bc openssl-devel \ |
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tar dosfstools rsync parted dnf-plugins-core tar |
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\end{minted} |
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\item 创建工作目录 |
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\begin{minted}[bgcolor=lightgray!30,fontsize=\scriptsize]{bash} |
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export WORKDIR=/root/build |
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mkdir -p $WORKDIR |
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cd $WORKDIR |
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\end{minted} |
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\end{enumerate} |
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|
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\section{构建 rootfs 镜像} |
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|
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\subsection{创建 RPM 数据库} |
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\begin{minted}[bgcolor=lightgray!30,fontsize=\scriptsize]{bash} |
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cd $WORKDIR |
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mkdir -p rootfs/var/lib/rpm |
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rpm --root $WORKDIR/rootfs/ --initdb |
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\end{minted} |
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|
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\subsection{下载安装 openEuler 发布包} |
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\begin{minted}[bgcolor=lightgray!30,fontsize=\scriptsize]{bash} |
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rpm -ivh --nodeps --root $WORKDIR/rootfs/ \ |
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http://repo.openeuler.org/openEuler-24.03-LTS/everything/\ |
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aarch64/Packages/openEuler-release-24.03LTS-55.oe2403.aarch64.rpm |
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\end{minted} |
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如出现错误：\\ |
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``error: failed to exec scriptlet interpreter /bin/sh: No such file or directory''\\ |
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可暂时忽略。 |
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|
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\subsection{添加 yum 源} |
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\begin{minted}[bgcolor=lightgray!30,fontsize=\scriptsize]{bash} |
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mkdir -p $WORKDIR/rootfs/etc/yum.repos.d |
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curl -o $WORKDIR/rootfs/etc/yum.repos.d/openEuler-24.03-LTS.repo \ |
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https://gitee.com/src-openeuler/openEuler-repos/raw/\ |
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openEuler-24.03-LTS/generic.repo |
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\end{minted} |
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|
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\subsection{安装 dnf} |
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\begin{minted}[bgcolor=lightgray!30,fontsize=\scriptsize]{bash} |
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dnf --installroot=$WORKDIR/rootfs/ install dnf --nogpgcheck -y |
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\end{minted} |
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|
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\subsection{安装必要软件} |
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\begin{minted}[bgcolor=lightgray!30,fontsize=\scriptsize]{bash} |
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dnf --installroot=$WORKDIR/rootfs/ makecache |
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dnf --installroot=$WORKDIR/rootfs/ install -y git wget bison dtc flex \ |
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m4 dnf alsa-utils v4l-utils wpa_supplicant vim net-tools iproute \ |
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iputils NetworkManager openssh-server passwd hostname lrzsz minicom \ |
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tcpdump ethtool openssl-devel tar dosfstools gdisk parted bc socat \ |
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unzip gstreamer1 gstreamer1-plugins-base gstreamer1-plugins-good \ |
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gstreamer1-plugins-bad-free gcc g++ gdb make cmake irqbalance sudo \ |
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ntfs-3g rsync dnf-plugins-core |
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\end{minted} |
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|
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\subsection{添加配置文件} |
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\subsubsection{设置 DNS} |
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\begin{minted}[bgcolor=lightgray!30,fontsize=\scriptsize]{bash} |
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cp /etc/resolv.conf ${WORKDIR}/rootfs/etc/resolv.conf |
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\end{minted} |
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其内容为： |
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\begin{minted}[bgcolor=lightgray!30,fontsize=\scriptsize]{bash} |
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nameserver 8.8.8.8 |
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nameserver 114.114.114.114 |
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\end{minted} |
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|
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\subsubsection{设置 fstab} |
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\begin{minted}[bgcolor=lightgray!30,fontsize=\scriptsize]{bash} |
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vim ${WORKDIR}/rootfs/etc/fstab |
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\end{minted} |
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添加内容： |
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\begin{minted}[bgcolor=lightgray!30,fontsize=\scriptsize]{bash} |
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# <file system> <mount pt> <type> <options> <dump> <pass> |
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/dev/root / auto rw,noauto 0 1 |
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tmpfs /tmp tmpfs mode=1777 0 0 |
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tmpfs /run tmpfs mode=0755,nosuid,nodev 0 0 |
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PARTLABEL=oem /oem ext2 defaults 0 2 |
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PARTLABEL=userdata /userdata ext4 defaults 0 0 |
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proc /proc proc defaults 0 0 |
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devtmpfs /dev devtmpfs defaults 0 0 |
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devpts dev/pts devpts mode=0620,ptmxmode=0666,gid=5 0 0 |
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tmpfs /dev/shm tmpfs nosuid,nodev,noexec 0 0 |
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sysfs /sys sysfs defaults 0 0 |
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debugfs /sys/kernel/debug debugfs defaults 0 0 |
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pstore /sys/fs/pstore pstore defaults 0 0 |
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\end{minted} |
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|
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\subsubsection{设置 IP 地址} |
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\begin{minted}[bgcolor=lightgray!30,fontsize=\scriptsize]{bash} |
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mkdir $WORKDIR/rootfs/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts |
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vim $WORKDIR/rootfs/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0 |
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\end{minted} |
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内容如下： |
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\begin{minted}[bgcolor=lightgray!30,fontsize=\scriptsize]{bash} |
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NAME=eth0 |
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DEVICE=eth0 |
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ONBOOT=yes |
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BOOTPROTO=none |
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TYPE=Ethernet |
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IPADDR=192.168.1.80 |
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NETMASK=255.255.255.0 |
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GATEWAY=192.168.1.1 |
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\end{minted} |
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|
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\subsubsection{禁用网卡名修改} |
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\begin{minted}[bgcolor=lightgray!30,fontsize=\scriptsize]{bash} |
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vim $WORKDIR/rootfs/etc/udev/rules.d/80-net-setup-link.rules |
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\end{minted} |
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内容如下： |
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\begin{minted}[bgcolor=lightgray!30,fontsize=\scriptsize]{bash} |
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# do not edit this file, it will be overwritten on update |
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SUBSYSTEM!="net", GOTO="net_setup_link_end" |
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IMPORT{builtin}="path_id" |
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ACTION=="remove", GOTO="net_setup_link_end" |
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IMPORT{builtin}="net_setup_link" |
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NAME=="", ENV{ID_NET_NAME}!="", NAME="$env{ID_NET_SLOT}" |
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LABEL="net_setup_link_end" |
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\end{minted} |
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|
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\subsubsection{添加第一次开机脚本} |
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在 \verb+$WORKDIR/rootfs/etc/rc.d/init.d/first-run.sh+ 写入以下内容: |
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\begin{minted}[bgcolor=lightgray!30,fontsize=\scriptsize]{bash} |
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#!/bin/bash |
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# chkconfig: - 99 10 |
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# description: expand rootfs |
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|
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ROOT_PART="$(findmnt / -o source -n)" # /dev/mmcblk0p7 |
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ROOT_DEV="/dev/$(lsblk -no pkname "$ROOT_PART")" # /dev/mmcblk0 |
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PART_NUM="$(echo "$ROOT_PART" | grep -o "[[:digit:]]*$")" # 7 |
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|
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USER_PART="$(findmnt /userdata -o source -n)" # /dev/mmcblk0p9 |
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USER_NUM="$(echo "$USER_PART" | grep -o "[[:digit:]]*$")" # 9 |
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|
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cat << EOF | gdisk $ROOT_DEV |
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p |
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w |
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Y |
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Y |
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EOF |
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|
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parted -s $ROOT_DEV -- resizepart $PART_NUM 100% |
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resize2fs $ROOT_PART |
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|
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parted -s $ROOT_DEV -- resizepart $USER_NUM 100% |
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resize2fs $USER_PART |
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|
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depmod -a |
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|
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if [ -f /etc/rc.d/init.d/first-run.sh ]; |
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then rm /etc/rc.d/init.d/first-run.sh; |
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fi |
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\end{minted} |
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|
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设置可执行权限： |
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\begin{minted}[bgcolor=lightgray!30,fontsize=\scriptsize]{bash} |
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chmod +x $WORKDIR/rootfs/etc/rc.d/init.d/first-run.sh |
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\end{minted} |
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|
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\subsubsection{启用 rc.local 脚本} |
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\begin{minted}[bgcolor=lightgray!30,fontsize=\scriptsize]{bash} |
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chmod +x $WORKDIR/rootfs/etc/rc.d/rc.local |
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\end{minted} |
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|
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\subsubsection{安装 firmware 和 modules} |
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从原文件系统中复制 firmware 和 modules: |
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\begin{minted}[bgcolor=lightgray!30,fontsize=\scriptsize]{bash} |
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cp -R /path/to/lib/firmware $WORKDIR/rootfs/usr/lib/ |
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cp -R /path/to/lib/modules/5.10.110 $WORKDIR/rootfs/usr/lib/modules/ |
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cp -R /path/to/usr/src/linux-5.10.110 $WORKDIR/rootfs/usr/src |
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\end{minted} |
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|
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\subsubsection{串口自动登录} |
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\begin{minted}[bgcolor=lightgray!30,fontsize=\scriptsize]{bash} |
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vim $WORKDIR/rootfs/usr/lib/systemd/system/serial-getty@.service |
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\end{minted} |
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修改其中的 \texttt{ExecStart}： |
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\begin{minted}[bgcolor=lightgray!30,fontsize=\scriptsize]{bash} |
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[Service] |
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# The '-o' option value tells agetty to replace 'login' arguments with an |
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# option to preserve environment (-p), followed by '--' for safety, and then |
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# the entered username. |
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ExecStart=-/sbin/agetty --autologin root --noclear %I $TERM |
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#ExecStart=-/sbin/agetty -o '-p -- \\u' --keep-baud 115200,57600,38400,9600 - $TERM |
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Type=idle |
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\end{minted} |
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|
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\section{rootfs 设置} |
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|
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\subsection{挂载必要的路径} |
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\begin{minted}[bgcolor=lightgray!30,fontsize=\scriptsize]{bash} |
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mount --bind /dev $WORKDIR/rootfs/dev |
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mount --bind /dev/pts $WORKDIR/rootfs/dev/pts |
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mount -t proc proc $WORKDIR/rootfs/proc |
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mount -t sysfs sys $WORKDIR/rootfs/sys |
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\end{minted} |
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|
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\subsection{chroot 到 root} |
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\begin{minted}[bgcolor=lightgray!30,fontsize=\scriptsize]{bash} |
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chroot $WORKDIR/rootfs /bin/bash |
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\end{minted} |
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|
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\subsection{设置 root 密码} |
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\begin{minted}[bgcolor=lightgray!30,fontsize=\scriptsize]{bash} |
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passwd |
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\end{minted} |
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|
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\subsection{添加一个新用户} |
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\begin{minted}[bgcolor=lightgray!30,fontsize=\scriptsize]{bash} |
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adduser euler |
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passwd euler |
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\end{minted} |
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|
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\subsection{设置主机名} |
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\begin{minted}[bgcolor=lightgray!30,fontsize=\scriptsize]{bash} |
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echo openEuler > /etc/hostname |
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echo "127.0.0.1 openEuler" >> /etc/hosts |
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\end{minted} |
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|
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\subsection{设置默认时区为东八区} |
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\begin{minted}[bgcolor=lightgray!30,fontsize=\scriptsize]{bash} |
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ln -s /usr/share/zoneinfo/Asia/Shanghai /etc/localtime |
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\end{minted} |
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|
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\subsection{安装 xfce4 桌面系统 (可选)} |
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\begin{enumerate}[(1)] |
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\item 安装软件 |
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\begin{minted}[bgcolor=lightgray!30,fontsize=\scriptsize]{bash} |
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dnf install -y dejavu-fonts liberation-fonts gnu-*-fonts wqy-zenhei-fonts |
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dnf install -y xorg-* |
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dnf install -y xfwm4 xfdesktop xfce4-* xfce4-*-plugin |
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dnf install -y lightdm lightdm-gtk |
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\end{minted} |
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\item 设置默认桌面为XFCE 启动 |
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\begin{minted}[bgcolor=lightgray!30,fontsize=\scriptsize]{bash} |
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echo 'user-session=xfce' >> /etc/lightdm/lightdm.conf.d/\ |
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60-lightdm-gtk-greeter.conf |
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echo 'autologin-user=euler' >> /etc/lightdm/lightdm.conf.d/\ |
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60-lightdm-gtk-greeter.conf |
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\end{minted} |
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\item 设置开机自启动图形界面 |
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\begin{minted}[bgcolor=lightgray!30,fontsize=\scriptsize]{bash} |
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systemctl enable lightdm |
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systemctl set-default graphical.target |
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\end{minted} |
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\item 添加 /etc/X11/xorg.conf.d/20-modesetting.conf 文件，内容如下： |
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\begin{minted}[bgcolor=lightgray!30,fontsize=\scriptsize]{bash} |
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Section "Device" |
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Identifier "Rockchip Graphics" |
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Driver "modesetting" |
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|
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### Use Rockchip RGA 2D HW accel |
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# Option "AccelMethod" "exa" |
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|
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### Use GPU HW accel |
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Option "AccelMethod" "glamor" |
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Option "DRI" "2" |
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|
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### Set to "always" to avoid tearing, could lead to up 50% performance loss |
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Option "FlipFB" "always" |
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|
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### Limit flip rate and drop frames for "FlipFB" to reduce performance lost |
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# Option "MaxFlipRate" "60" |
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Option "NoEDID" "true" |
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Option "UseGammaLUT" "true" |
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|
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### Set virtual screen size (scaled by VOP hardware) |
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# Option "VirtualSize" "DSI-1:600x1080" |
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|
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### Set physical display paddings <top,bottom,left,right> |
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# Option "Padding" "DSI-1:180,300,300,540" |
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EndSection |
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|
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Section "Screen" |
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Identifier "Default Screen" |
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Device "Rockchip Graphics" |
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Monitor "Default Monitor" |
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EndSection |
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|
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### Valid values for rotation are "normal", "left", "right" |
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Section "Monitor" |
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Identifier "Default Monitor" |
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Option "Rotate" "normal" |
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EndSection |
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\end{minted} |
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|
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\end{enumerate} |
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|
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\subsection{安装 ukui 桌面系统 (可选)} |
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ukui 是麒麟软件团队历经多年打造的一款Linux 桌面，主要基于 GTK 和 QT开发。与其他UI界面相比，ukui更加注重易用性和敏捷度，各元件相依性小，可以不依赖其他套件而独自运行，给用户带来亲切和高效的使用体验。 |
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|
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\begin{enumerate}[(1)] |
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\item 安装 ukui |
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\begin{minted}[bgcolor=lightgray!30,fontsize=\scriptsize]{bash} |
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dnf install -y dejavu-fonts liberation-fonts gnu-*-fonts wqy-zenhei-fonts |
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dnf install ukui |
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\end{minted} |
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\item 配置允许root登陆 |
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\begin{minted}[bgcolor=lightgray!30,fontsize=\scriptsize]{bash} |
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echo "greeter-show-manual-login=true" >> /usr/share/lightdm/lightdm.conf.d/\ |
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95-ukui-greeter.conf |
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echo "all-guest=false" >> /usr/share/lightdm/lightdm.conf.d/\ |
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95-ukui-greeter.conf |
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\end{minted} |
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\item 配置 euler 用户自动登陆 |
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\begin{minted}[bgcolor=lightgray!30,fontsize=\scriptsize]{bash} |
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echo "autologin-user=euler" >> /usr/share/lightdm/lightdm.conf.d/\ |
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95-ukui-greeter.conf |
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\end{minted} |
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\item 添加 /etc/X11/xorg.conf.d/20-modesetting.conf 文件，内容如下： |
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\begin{minted}[bgcolor=lightgray!30,fontsize=\scriptsize]{bash} |
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Section "Device" |
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Identifier "Rockchip Graphics" |
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Driver "modesetting" |
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|
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### Use Rockchip RGA 2D HW accel |
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# Option "AccelMethod" "exa" |
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|
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### Use GPU HW accel |
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Option "AccelMethod" "glamor" |
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Option "DRI" "2" |
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|
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### Set to "always" to avoid tearing, could lead to up 50% performance loss |
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Option "FlipFB" "always" |
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|
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### Limit flip rate and drop frames for "FlipFB" to reduce performance lost |
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# Option "MaxFlipRate" "60" |
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Option "NoEDID" "true" |
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Option "UseGammaLUT" "true" |
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|
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### Set virtual screen size (scaled by VOP hardware) |
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# Option "VirtualSize" "DSI-1:600x1080" |
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|
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### Set physical display paddings <top,bottom,left,right> |
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# Option "Padding" "DSI-1:180,300,300,540" |
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EndSection |
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|
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Section "Screen" |
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Identifier "Default Screen" |
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Device "Rockchip Graphics" |
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Monitor "Default Monitor" |
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EndSection |
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|
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### Valid values for rotation are "normal", "left", "right" |
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Section "Monitor" |
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Identifier "Default Monitor" |
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Option "Rotate" "normal" |
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EndSection |
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\end{minted} |
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\item 切换用户界面（GUI）模式 |
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\begin{minted}[bgcolor=lightgray!30,fontsize=\scriptsize]{bash} |
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systemctl set-default graphical.target |
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\end{minted} |
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还原到文本模式，用下面命令： |
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\begin{minted}[bgcolor=lightgray!30,fontsize=\scriptsize]{bash} |
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systemctl set-default multi-user.target |
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\end{minted} |
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\end{enumerate} |
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|
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\subsection{设置第一次开机脚本，然后退出} |
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\begin{minted}[bgcolor=lightgray!30,fontsize=\scriptsize]{bash} |
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chkconfig --add first-run.sh |
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chkconfig first-run.sh on |
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dnf clean all |
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exit |
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\end{minted} |
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|
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\subsection{取消临时挂载的目录} |
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\begin{minted}[bgcolor=lightgray!30,fontsize=\scriptsize]{bash} |
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umount -l $WORKDIR/rootfs/dev/pts |
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umount -l $WORKDIR/rootfs/dev |
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umount -l $WORKDIR/rootfs/proc |
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umount -l $WORKDIR/rootfs/sys |
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\end{minted} |
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|
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\section{制作镜像} |
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\begin{enumerate}[(1)] |
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\item 计算镜像容量 |
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\begin{minted}[bgcolor=lightgray!30,fontsize=\scriptsize]{bash} |
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IMAGE_SIZE_MB=$(( $(sudo du -sh -m $WORKDIR/rootfs | cut -f1) + 300 )) |
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\end{minted} |
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|
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\item 创建镜像文件 |
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\begin{minted}[bgcolor=lightgray!30,fontsize=\scriptsize]{bash} |
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dd if=/dev/zero of=rootfs.img bs=1M count=0 seek=${IMAGE_SIZE_MB} |
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\end{minted} |
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|
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\item 格式化镜像 |
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\begin{minted}[bgcolor=lightgray!30,fontsize=\scriptsize]{bash} |
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mkfs.ext4 -d $WORKDIR/rootfs rootfs.img |
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\end{minted} |
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\end{enumerate} |
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rootfs.img 就是最后可以用 rockchip 的工具烧写到 MMC 上的欧拉系统。 |
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|
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\section{退出并清理} |
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\begin{minted}[bgcolor=lightgray!30,fontsize=\scriptsize]{bash} |
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exit |
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sudo umount -l rpi/dev/pts |
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sudo umount -l rpi/dev |
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sudo umount -l rpi/proc |
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sudo umount -l rpi/sys |
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\end{minted} |
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Reference in new issue