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@ -1,13 +1,13 @@ |
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\chapter{制作 ubuntu 文件系统} |
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在 主机的 Ubuntu 系统里面，可以制作 aarch64 的文件系统，这里介绍一下步骤。 |
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\section{ 安装依赖软件} |
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\begin{minted}[bgcolor=lightgray!30,fontsize=\footnotesize]{bash} |
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\begin{minted}[bgcolor=lightgray!30,fontsize=\scriptsize]{bash} |
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sudo apt install qemu-user-static debootstrap |
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\end{minted} |
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\section{下载基础系统} |
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这里以安装 Ubuntu 22.04 为例： |
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\begin{minted}[bgcolor=lightgray!30,fontsize=\footnotesize]{bash} |
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\begin{minted}[bgcolor=lightgray!30,fontsize=\scriptsize]{bash} |
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mkdir ubuntu |
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sudo debootstrap --arch=arm64 --foreign jammy ubuntu |
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sudo cp /usr/bin/qemu-aarch64-static ubuntu/usr/bin |
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@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ sudo chroot ubuntu /usr/bin/qemu-aarch64-static /bin/sh \ |
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给目标系统安装常用程序： |
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\begin{enumerate}[(1)] |
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\item 进入目标系统： |
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\begin{minted}[bgcolor=lightgray!30,fontsize=\footnotesize]{bash} |
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\begin{minted}[bgcolor=lightgray!30,fontsize=\scriptsize]{bash} |
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sudo mount -o bind /sys ubuntu/sys |
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sudo mount -o bind /proc ubuntu/proc |
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sudo mount -o bind /dev ubuntu/dev |
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@ -29,7 +29,7 @@ sudo mount -o bind /dev/pts ubuntu/dev/pts |
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sudo chroot ubuntu /usr/bin/qemu-aarch64-static /bin/bash -i |
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\end{minted} |
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\item 修改 /etc/apt/sources.list 如下： |
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\begin{minted}[bgcolor=lightgray!30,fontsize=\footnotesize]{bash} |
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\begin{minted}[bgcolor=lightgray!30,fontsize=\scriptsize]{bash} |
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deb http://ports.ubuntu.com/ jammy main universe |
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deb-src http://ports.ubuntu.com/ jammy main universe |
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deb http://ports.ubuntu.com/ jammy-security main universe |
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@ -38,54 +38,54 @@ deb http://ports.ubuntu.com/ jammy-updates main universe |
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deb-src http://ports.ubuntu.com/ jammy-updates main universe |
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\end{minted} |
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\item 更新系统： |
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\begin{minted}[bgcolor=lightgray!30,fontsize=\footnotesize]{bash} |
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\begin{minted}[bgcolor=lightgray!30,fontsize=\scriptsize]{bash} |
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apt-get update |
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apt-get dist-upgrade |
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\end{minted} |
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\item 安装常用软件： |
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\begin{minted}[bgcolor=lightgray!30,fontsize=\footnotesize]{bash} |
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\begin{minted}[bgcolor=lightgray!30,fontsize=\scriptsize]{bash} |
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apt-get install -y vim-nox build-essential gdb u-boot-tools rsync \ |
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socat jq tcpdump ifupdown minicom i2c-tools lrzsz tftp-hpa \ |
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net-tools dosfstools pciutils memtool ethtool unzip python3-pip |
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\end{minted} |
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\item 设置 root 密码： |
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\begin{minted}[bgcolor=lightgray!30,fontsize=\footnotesize]{bash} |
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\begin{minted}[bgcolor=lightgray!30,fontsize=\scriptsize]{bash} |
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passwd root |
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\end{minted} |
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\item 设置时区： |
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\begin{minted}[bgcolor=lightgray!30,fontsize=\footnotesize]{bash} |
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\begin{minted}[bgcolor=lightgray!30,fontsize=\scriptsize]{bash} |
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ln -sf /usr/share/zoneinfo/Asia/Shanghai /etc/localtime |
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\end{minted} |
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\item 设置 hostname： |
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\begin{minted}[bgcolor=lightgray!30,fontsize=\footnotesize]{bash} |
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\begin{minted}[bgcolor=lightgray!30,fontsize=\scriptsize]{bash} |
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echo sytc > /etc/hostname |
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echo "127.0.0.1 sytc" >> /etc/hosts |
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\end{minted} |
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\item 设置bash为默认shell: |
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\begin{minted}[bgcolor=lightgray!30,fontsize=\footnotesize]{bash} |
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\begin{minted}[bgcolor=lightgray!30,fontsize=\scriptsize]{bash} |
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dpkg-reconfigure dash |
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\end{minted} |
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选择{\kx “}NO{\kx ”}。 |
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\item 配置 locals: |
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\begin{minted}[bgcolor=lightgray!30,fontsize=\footnotesize]{bash} |
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\begin{minted}[bgcolor=lightgray!30,fontsize=\scriptsize]{bash} |
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dpkg-reconfigure locales |
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\end{minted} |
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至少选择 en\_US.UTF-8 和 zh\_CN.UTF-8。 |
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\item 配置/etc/fstab,例如: |
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\begin{minted}[bgcolor=lightgray!30,fontsize=\scriptsize]{bash} |
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# <file system> <mount pt> <type> <options> <dump> <pass> |
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/dev/root / auto rw,noauto 0 1 |
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tmpfs /tmp tmpfs mode=1777 0 0 |
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tmpfs /run tmpfs mode=0755,nosuid,nodev 0 0 |
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#PARTLABEL=oem /oem ext2 defaults 0 2 |
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PARTLABEL=userdata /userdata ext4 defaults 0 0 |
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proc /proc proc defaults 0 0 |
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devtmpfs /dev devtmpfs defaults 0 0 |
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devpts /dev/pts devpts mode=0620,ptmxmode=0666,gid=5 0 0 |
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tmpfs /dev/shm tmpfs nosuid,nodev,noexec 0 0 |
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sysfs /sys sysfs defaults 0 0 |
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debugfs /sys/kernel/debug debugfs defaults 0 0 |
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pstore /sys/fs/pstore pstore defaults 0 0 |
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# <file system> <mount pt> <type> <options> <dump> <pass> |
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/dev/root / auto rw,noauto 0 1 |
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tmpfs /tmp tmpfs mode=1777 0 0 |
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tmpfs /run tmpfs mode=0755,nosuid,nodev 0 0 |
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#PARTLABEL=oem /oem ext2 defaults 0 2 |
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PARTLABEL=userdata /userdata ext4 defaults 0 0 |
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proc /proc proc defaults 0 0 |
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devtmpfs /dev devtmpfs defaults 0 0 |
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devpts dev/pts devpts mode=0620,ptmxmode=0666,gid=5 0 0 |
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tmpfs /dev/shm tmpfs nosuid,nodev,noexec 0 0 |
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sysfs /sys sysfs defaults 0 0 |
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debugfs /sys/kernel/debug debugfs defaults 0 0 |
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pstore /sys/fs/pstore pstore defaults 0 0 |
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\end{minted} |
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\item 修改 getty 服务，使 root 自动登录。修改文件 /usr/lib/systemd/system/serial-getty@.service 的 ExecStart 对应的值： |
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\begin{minted}[bgcolor=lightgray!30,fontsize=\scriptsize]{ini} |
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@ -116,47 +116,47 @@ echo "source-directory /etc/network/interfaces.d"> /etc/network/interfaces |
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\end{enumerate} |
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\subsection{安装 ssh server} |
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\noindent 安装软件： |
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\begin{minted}[bgcolor=lightgray!30,fontsize=\footnotesize]{bash} |
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\begin{minted}[bgcolor=lightgray!30,fontsize=\scriptsize]{bash} |
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apt-get install openssh-server |
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\end{minted} |
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配置允许root登陆，将/etc/ssh/sshd\_config中的： |
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\begin{minted}[bgcolor=lightgray!30,fontsize=\footnotesize]{bash} |
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\begin{minted}[bgcolor=lightgray!30,fontsize=\scriptsize]{bash} |
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#PermitRootLogin prohibit-password |
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\end{minted} |
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改为： |
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\begin{minted}[bgcolor=lightgray!30,fontsize=\footnotesize]{bash} |
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\begin{minted}[bgcolor=lightgray!30,fontsize=\scriptsize]{bash} |
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PermitRootLogin yes |
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\end{minted} |
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\subsection{安装 rockchip 硬解码器} |
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添加软件源： |
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\begin{minted}[bgcolor=lightgray!30,fontsize=\footnotesize]{bash} |
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\begin{minted}[bgcolor=lightgray!30,fontsize=\scriptsize]{bash} |
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apt-get install software-properties-common |
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add-apt-repository ppa:george-coolpi/multimedia |
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apt update |
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\end{minted} |
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安装 gstreamer ： |
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\begin{minted}[bgcolor=lightgray!30,fontsize=\footnotesize]{bash} |
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\begin{minted}[bgcolor=lightgray!30,fontsize=\scriptsize]{bash} |
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apt-get install libgstreamer1.0-dev libgstreamer-plugins-base1.0-dev \ |
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libgstreamer-plugins-bad1.0-dev gstreamer1.0-plugins-base \ |
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gstreamer1.0-plugins-good gstreamer1.0-plugins-bad \ |
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gstreamer1.0-plugins-ugly gstreamer1.0-libav gstreamer1.0-tools \ |
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libgstreamer-plugins-bad1.0-dev gstreamer1.0-plugins-base \ |
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gstreamer1.0-plugins-good gstreamer1.0-plugins-bad \ |
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gstreamer1.0-plugins-ugly gstreamer1.0-libav gstreamer1.0-tools \ |
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gstreamer1.0-alsa gstreamer1.0-pulseaudio ffmpeg |
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\end{minted} |
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安装插件gstreamer1.0-rockchip |
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\begin{minted}[bgcolor=lightgray!30,fontsize=\footnotesize]{bash} |
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\begin{minted}[bgcolor=lightgray!30,fontsize=\scriptsize]{bash} |
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apt-get install gstreamer1.0-rockchip |
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\end{minted} |
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\subsection{打包成 ext4 文件系统} |
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清理并退出 chroot 环境： |
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\begin{minted}[bgcolor=lightgray!30,fontsize=\footnotesize]{bash} |
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\begin{minted}[bgcolor=lightgray!30,fontsize=\scriptsize]{bash} |
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apt-get clean |
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exit |
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\end{minted} |
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执行命令，打包成 ext4 的文件系统文件： |
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\begin{minted}[bgcolor=lightgray!30,fontsize=\footnotesize]{bash} |
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\begin{minted}[bgcolor=lightgray!30,fontsize=\scriptsize]{bash} |
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IMAGE_SIZE_MB=$(( $(sudo du -sh -m ubuntu | cut -f1) + 300 )) |
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dd if=/dev/zero of=ubuntu.img bs=1M count=0 seek=${IMAGE_SIZE_MB} |
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sudo mkfs.ext4 -d ubuntu ubuntu.img |
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surenyi
7 months ago