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521 lines
18 KiB
521 lines
18 KiB
\chapter{制作欧拉文件系统}
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本章节介绍如何构建适用于 aarch64 的 openEuler 文件系统镜像。
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\section{准备安装环境}
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\begin{enumerate}[(1)]
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\item 下载 rpi 的 openEuler 系统镜像文件
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\begin{minted}[bgcolor=lightgray!30,fontsize=\scriptsize]{bash}
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curl -O http://repo.openeuler.org/openEuler-24.03-LTS/raspi_img/\
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openEuler-24.03-LTS-raspi-aarch64.img.xz
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xz -d openEuler-24.03-LTS-raspi-aarch64.img.xz
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\end{minted}
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\item 准备 aarch64 的系统：
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\begin{minted}[bgcolor=lightgray!30,fontsize=\scriptsize]{bash}
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sudo losetup -P /dev/loop0 openEuler-24.03-LTS-raspi-aarch64.img
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sudo mount /dev/loop0p3 /media
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mkdir rpi
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sudo rsync -avzP /media/ rpi/
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sudo umount /media
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sudo losetup -d /dev/loop0
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sudo cp /usr/bin/qemu-aarch64-static rpi/usr/bin
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\end{minted}
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\item 切换到安装环境
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\begin{minted}[bgcolor=lightgray!30,fontsize=\scriptsize]{bash}
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sudo mount --bind /dev rpi/dev
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sudo mount --bind /dev/pts rpi/dev/pts
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sudo mount -t proc proc rpi/proc
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sudo mount -t sysfs sys rpi/sys
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sudo chroot rpi /usr/bin/qemu-aarch64-static /bin/bash -i
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\end{minted}
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\item 编辑 /etc/resolv.conf
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\begin{minted}[bgcolor=lightgray!30,fontsize=\scriptsize]{bash}
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nameserver 8.8.8.8
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nameserver 114.114.114.114
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\end{minted}
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\item 安装依赖包
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\begin{minted}[bgcolor=lightgray!30,fontsize=\scriptsize]{bash}
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dnf makecache
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dnf install git wget make gcc bison dtc m4 flex bc openssl-devel \
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tar dosfstools rsync parted dnf-plugins-core tar
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\end{minted}
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\item 创建工作目录
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\begin{minted}[bgcolor=lightgray!30,fontsize=\scriptsize]{bash}
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export WORKDIR=/root/build
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mkdir -p $WORKDIR
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cd $WORKDIR
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\end{minted}
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\end{enumerate}
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\section{构建 rootfs 镜像}
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\subsection{创建 RPM 数据库}
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\begin{minted}[bgcolor=lightgray!30,fontsize=\scriptsize]{bash}
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cd $WORKDIR
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mkdir -p rootfs/var/lib/rpm
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rpm --root $WORKDIR/rootfs/ --initdb
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\end{minted}
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\subsection{下载安装 openEuler 发布包}
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\begin{minted}[bgcolor=lightgray!30,fontsize=\scriptsize]{bash}
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rpm -ivh --nodeps --root $WORKDIR/rootfs/ \
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http://repo.openeuler.org/openEuler-24.03-LTS/everything/\
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aarch64/Packages/openEuler-release-24.03LTS-55.oe2403.aarch64.rpm
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\end{minted}
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如出现错误：\\
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``error: failed to exec scriptlet interpreter /bin/sh: No such file or directory''\\
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可暂时忽略。
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\subsection{添加 yum 源}
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\begin{minted}[bgcolor=lightgray!30,fontsize=\scriptsize]{bash}
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mkdir -p $WORKDIR/rootfs/etc/yum.repos.d
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curl -o $WORKDIR/rootfs/etc/yum.repos.d/openEuler-24.03-LTS.repo \
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https://gitee.com/src-openeuler/openEuler-repos/raw/\
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openEuler-24.03-LTS/generic.repo
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\end{minted}
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\subsection{安装 dnf}
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\begin{minted}[bgcolor=lightgray!30,fontsize=\scriptsize]{bash}
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dnf --installroot=$WORKDIR/rootfs/ install dnf --nogpgcheck -y
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\end{minted}
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\subsection{安装必要软件}
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\begin{minted}[bgcolor=lightgray!30,fontsize=\scriptsize]{bash}
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dnf --installroot=$WORKDIR/rootfs/ makecache
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dnf --installroot=$WORKDIR/rootfs/ install -y git wget bison dtc flex \
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m4 dnf alsa-utils v4l-utils wpa_supplicant vim net-tools iproute \
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iputils NetworkManager openssh-server passwd hostname lrzsz minicom \
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tcpdump ethtool openssl-devel tar dosfstools gdisk parted bc socat \
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unzip gstreamer1 gstreamer1-plugins-base gstreamer1-plugins-good \
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gstreamer1-plugins-bad-free gcc g++ gdb make cmake irqbalance sudo \
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ntfs-3g rsync dnf-plugins-core pciutils usbutils
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\end{minted}
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\subsection{添加配置文件}
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\subsubsection{设置 DNS}
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\begin{minted}[bgcolor=lightgray!30,fontsize=\scriptsize]{bash}
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cp /etc/resolv.conf ${WORKDIR}/rootfs/etc/resolv.conf
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\end{minted}
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其内容为：
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\begin{minted}[bgcolor=lightgray!30,fontsize=\scriptsize]{bash}
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nameserver 8.8.8.8
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nameserver 114.114.114.114
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\end{minted}
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\subsubsection{设置 fstab}
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\begin{minted}[bgcolor=lightgray!30,fontsize=\scriptsize]{bash}
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vim ${WORKDIR}/rootfs/etc/fstab
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\end{minted}
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添加内容：
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\begin{minted}[bgcolor=lightgray!30,fontsize=\scriptsize]{bash}
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# <file system> <mount pt> <type> <options> <dump> <pass>
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/dev/root / auto rw,noauto 0 1
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tmpfs /tmp tmpfs mode=1777 0 0
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tmpfs /run tmpfs mode=0755,nosuid,nodev 0 0
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PARTLABEL=oem /oem ext2 defaults 0 2
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PARTLABEL=userdata /userdata ext4 defaults 0 0
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proc /proc proc defaults 0 0
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devtmpfs /dev devtmpfs defaults 0 0
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devpts dev/pts devpts mode=0620,ptmxmode=0666,gid=5 0 0
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tmpfs /dev/shm tmpfs nosuid,nodev,noexec 0 0
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sysfs /sys sysfs defaults 0 0
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debugfs /sys/kernel/debug debugfs defaults 0 0
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pstore /sys/fs/pstore pstore defaults 0 0
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\end{minted}
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\subsubsection{设置 IP 地址}
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\begin{minted}[bgcolor=lightgray!30,fontsize=\scriptsize]{bash}
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mkdir $WORKDIR/rootfs/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts
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vim $WORKDIR/rootfs/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0
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\end{minted}
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内容如下：
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\begin{minted}[bgcolor=lightgray!30,fontsize=\scriptsize]{bash}
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NAME=eth0
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DEVICE=eth0
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ONBOOT=yes
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BOOTPROTO=none
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TYPE=Ethernet
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IPADDR=192.168.1.80
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NETMASK=255.255.255.0
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GATEWAY=192.168.1.1
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\end{minted}
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\subsubsection{禁用网卡名修改}
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\begin{minted}[bgcolor=lightgray!30,fontsize=\scriptsize]{bash}
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vim $WORKDIR/rootfs/etc/udev/rules.d/80-net-setup-link.rules
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\end{minted}
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内容如下：
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\begin{minted}[bgcolor=lightgray!30,fontsize=\scriptsize]{bash}
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# do not edit this file, it will be overwritten on update
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SUBSYSTEM!="net", GOTO="net_setup_link_end"
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IMPORT{builtin}="path_id"
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ACTION=="remove", GOTO="net_setup_link_end"
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IMPORT{builtin}="net_setup_link"
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NAME=="", ENV{ID_NET_NAME}!="", NAME="$env{ID_NET_SLOT}"
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LABEL="net_setup_link_end"
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\end{minted}
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\subsubsection{添加第一次开机脚本}
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在 \verb+$WORKDIR/rootfs/etc/rc.d/init.d/first-run.sh+ 写入以下内容:
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\begin{minted}[bgcolor=lightgray!30,fontsize=\scriptsize]{bash}
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#!/bin/bash
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# chkconfig: - 99 10
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# description: expand rootfs
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ROOT_PART="$(findmnt / -o source -n)" # /dev/mmcblk0p7
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ROOT_DEV="/dev/$(lsblk -no pkname "$ROOT_PART")" # /dev/mmcblk0
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PART_NUM="$(echo "$ROOT_PART" | grep -o "[[:digit:]]*$")" # 7
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USER_PART="$(findmnt /userdata -o source -n)" # /dev/mmcblk0p9
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USER_NUM="$(echo "$USER_PART" | grep -o "[[:digit:]]*$")" # 9
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cat << EOF | gdisk $ROOT_DEV
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p
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w
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Y
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Y
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EOF
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parted -s $ROOT_DEV -- resizepart $PART_NUM 100%
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resize2fs $ROOT_PART
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parted -s $ROOT_DEV -- resizepart $USER_NUM 100%
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resize2fs $USER_PART
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depmod -a
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if [ -f /etc/rc.d/init.d/first-run.sh ];
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then rm /etc/rc.d/init.d/first-run.sh;
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fi
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\end{minted}
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设置可执行权限：
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\begin{minted}[bgcolor=lightgray!30,fontsize=\scriptsize]{bash}
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chmod +x $WORKDIR/rootfs/etc/rc.d/init.d/first-run.sh
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\end{minted}
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\subsubsection{启用 rc.local 脚本}
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\begin{minted}[bgcolor=lightgray!30,fontsize=\scriptsize]{bash}
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chmod +x $WORKDIR/rootfs/etc/rc.d/rc.local
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\end{minted}
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\subsubsection{安装 firmware 和 modules}
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从原文件系统中复制 firmware 和 modules:
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\begin{minted}[bgcolor=lightgray!30,fontsize=\scriptsize]{bash}
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cp -R /path/to/lib/firmware $WORKDIR/rootfs/usr/lib/
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cp -R /path/to/lib/modules/5.10.110 $WORKDIR/rootfs/usr/lib/modules/
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cp -R /path/to/usr/src/linux-5.10.110 $WORKDIR/rootfs/usr/src
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\end{minted}
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\subsubsection{串口自动登录}
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\begin{minted}[bgcolor=lightgray!30,fontsize=\scriptsize]{bash}
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vim $WORKDIR/rootfs/usr/lib/systemd/system/serial-getty@.service
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\end{minted}
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修改其中的 \texttt{ExecStart}：
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\begin{minted}[bgcolor=lightgray!30,fontsize=\scriptsize]{bash}
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[Service]
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# The '-o' option value tells agetty to replace 'login' arguments with an
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# option to preserve environment (-p), followed by '--' for safety, and then
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# the entered username.
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ExecStart=-/sbin/agetty --autologin root --noclear %I $TERM
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#ExecStart=-/sbin/agetty -o '-p -- \\u' --keep-baud 115200,57600,38400,9600 - $TERM
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Type=idle
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\end{minted}
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\section{rootfs 设置}
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\subsection{挂载必要的路径}
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\begin{minted}[bgcolor=lightgray!30,fontsize=\scriptsize]{bash}
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mount --bind /dev $WORKDIR/rootfs/dev
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mount --bind /dev/pts $WORKDIR/rootfs/dev/pts
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mount -t proc proc $WORKDIR/rootfs/proc
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mount -t sysfs sys $WORKDIR/rootfs/sys
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\end{minted}
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\subsection{chroot 到 root}
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\begin{minted}[bgcolor=lightgray!30,fontsize=\scriptsize]{bash}
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chroot $WORKDIR/rootfs /bin/bash
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\end{minted}
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\subsection{设置 root 密码}
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\begin{minted}[bgcolor=lightgray!30,fontsize=\scriptsize]{bash}
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passwd
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\end{minted}
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\subsection{添加一个新用户}
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\begin{minted}[bgcolor=lightgray!30,fontsize=\scriptsize]{bash}
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adduser euler
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passwd euler
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\end{minted}
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\subsection{设置主机名}
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\begin{minted}[bgcolor=lightgray!30,fontsize=\scriptsize]{bash}
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echo openEuler > /etc/hostname
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echo "127.0.0.1 openEuler" >> /etc/hosts
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\end{minted}
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\subsection{设置默认时区为东八区}
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\begin{minted}[bgcolor=lightgray!30,fontsize=\scriptsize]{bash}
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ln -s /usr/share/zoneinfo/Asia/Shanghai /etc/localtime
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\end{minted}
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\subsection{安装 xfce4 桌面系统 (可选)}
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\begin{enumerate}[(1)]
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\item 安装软件
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\begin{minted}[bgcolor=lightgray!30,fontsize=\scriptsize]{bash}
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dnf install -y dejavu-fonts liberation-fonts gnu-*-fonts wqy-zenhei-fonts
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dnf install -y xorg-*
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dnf install -y xfwm4 xfdesktop xfce4-* xfce4-*-plugin
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dnf install -y lightdm lightdm-gtk
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\end{minted}
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\item 设置默认桌面为XFCE 启动
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\begin{minted}[bgcolor=lightgray!30,fontsize=\scriptsize]{bash}
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echo 'user-session=xfce' >> /etc/lightdm/lightdm.conf.d/\
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60-lightdm-gtk-greeter.conf
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echo 'autologin-user=euler' >> /etc/lightdm/lightdm.conf.d/\
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60-lightdm-gtk-greeter.conf
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\end{minted}
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\item 设置开机自启动图形界面
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\begin{minted}[bgcolor=lightgray!30,fontsize=\scriptsize]{bash}
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systemctl enable lightdm
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systemctl set-default graphical.target
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\end{minted}
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\item 添加 /etc/X11/xorg.conf.d/20-modesetting.conf 文件，内容如下：
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\begin{minted}[bgcolor=lightgray!30,fontsize=\scriptsize]{bash}
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Section "Device"
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Identifier "Rockchip Graphics"
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Driver "modesetting"
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### Use Rockchip RGA 2D HW accel
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# Option "AccelMethod" "exa"
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### Use GPU HW accel
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Option "AccelMethod" "glamor"
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Option "DRI" "2"
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### Set to "always" to avoid tearing, could lead to up 50% performance loss
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Option "FlipFB" "always"
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### Limit flip rate and drop frames for "FlipFB" to reduce performance lost
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# Option "MaxFlipRate" "60"
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Option "NoEDID" "true"
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Option "UseGammaLUT" "true"
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### Set virtual screen size (scaled by VOP hardware)
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# Option "VirtualSize" "DSI-1:600x1080"
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### Set physical display paddings <top,bottom,left,right>
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# Option "Padding" "DSI-1:180,300,300,540"
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EndSection
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Section "Screen"
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Identifier "Default Screen"
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Device "Rockchip Graphics"
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Monitor "Default Monitor"
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EndSection
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### Valid values for rotation are "normal", "left", "right"
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Section "Monitor"
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Identifier "Default Monitor"
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Option "Rotate" "normal"
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EndSection
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\end{minted}
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\end{enumerate}
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\subsection{安装 ukui 桌面系统 (可选)}
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ukui 是麒麟软件团队历经多年打造的一款Linux 桌面，主要基于 GTK 和 QT开发。与其他UI界面相比，ukui更加注重易用性和敏捷度，各元件相依性小，可以不依赖其他套件而独自运行，给用户带来亲切和高效的使用体验。
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\begin{enumerate}[(1)]
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\item 安装 ukui
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\begin{minted}[bgcolor=lightgray!30,fontsize=\scriptsize]{bash}
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dnf install -y dejavu-fonts liberation-fonts gnu-*-fonts wqy-zenhei-fonts
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dnf install ukui
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\end{minted}
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\item 配置允许root登陆
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\begin{minted}[bgcolor=lightgray!30,fontsize=\scriptsize]{bash}
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echo "greeter-show-manual-login=true" >> /usr/share/lightdm/lightdm.conf.d/\
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95-ukui-greeter.conf
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echo "all-guest=false" >> /usr/share/lightdm/lightdm.conf.d/\
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95-ukui-greeter.conf
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\end{minted}
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\item 配置 euler 用户自动登陆
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\begin{minted}[bgcolor=lightgray!30,fontsize=\scriptsize]{bash}
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echo "autologin-user=euler" >> /usr/share/lightdm/lightdm.conf.d/\
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95-ukui-greeter.conf
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\end{minted}
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\item 添加 /etc/X11/xorg.conf.d/20-modesetting.conf 文件，内容如下：
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\begin{minted}[bgcolor=lightgray!30,fontsize=\scriptsize]{bash}
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Section "Device"
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Identifier "Rockchip Graphics"
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Driver "modesetting"
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### Use Rockchip RGA 2D HW accel
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# Option "AccelMethod" "exa"
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### Use GPU HW accel
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Option "AccelMethod" "glamor"
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Option "DRI" "2"
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### Set to "always" to avoid tearing, could lead to up 50% performance loss
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Option "FlipFB" "always"
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### Limit flip rate and drop frames for "FlipFB" to reduce performance lost
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# Option "MaxFlipRate" "60"
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Option "NoEDID" "true"
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Option "UseGammaLUT" "true"
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### Set virtual screen size (scaled by VOP hardware)
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# Option "VirtualSize" "DSI-1:600x1080"
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### Set physical display paddings <top,bottom,left,right>
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# Option "Padding" "DSI-1:180,300,300,540"
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EndSection
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Section "Screen"
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Identifier "Default Screen"
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Device "Rockchip Graphics"
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Monitor "Default Monitor"
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EndSection
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### Valid values for rotation are "normal", "left", "right"
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Section "Monitor"
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Identifier "Default Monitor"
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Option "Rotate" "normal"
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EndSection
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\end{minted}
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\item 切换用户界面（GUI）模式
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\begin{minted}[bgcolor=lightgray!30,fontsize=\scriptsize]{bash}
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systemctl set-default graphical.target
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\end{minted}
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还原到文本模式，用下面命令：
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\begin{minted}[bgcolor=lightgray!30,fontsize=\scriptsize]{bash}
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systemctl set-default multi-user.target
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\end{minted}
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\end{enumerate}
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\subsection{设置第一次开机脚本，然后退出}
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\begin{minted}[bgcolor=lightgray!30,fontsize=\scriptsize]{bash}
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chkconfig --add first-run.sh
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chkconfig first-run.sh on
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dnf clean all
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exit
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\end{minted}
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\subsection{取消临时挂载的目录}
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\begin{minted}[bgcolor=lightgray!30,fontsize=\scriptsize]{bash}
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umount -l $WORKDIR/rootfs/dev/pts
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umount -l $WORKDIR/rootfs/dev
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umount -l $WORKDIR/rootfs/proc
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umount -l $WORKDIR/rootfs/sys
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\end{minted}
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\section{制作镜像}
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\begin{enumerate}[(1)]
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\item 计算镜像容量
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\begin{minted}[bgcolor=lightgray!30,fontsize=\scriptsize]{bash}
|
|
IMAGE_SIZE_MB=$(( $(sudo du -sh -m $WORKDIR/rootfs | cut -f1) + 300 ))
|
|
\end{minted}
|
|
|
|
\item 创建镜像文件
|
|
\begin{minted}[bgcolor=lightgray!30,fontsize=\scriptsize]{bash}
|
|
dd if=/dev/zero of=rootfs.img bs=1M count=0 seek=${IMAGE_SIZE_MB}
|
|
\end{minted}
|
|
|
|
\item 格式化镜像
|
|
\begin{minted}[bgcolor=lightgray!30,fontsize=\scriptsize]{bash}
|
|
mkfs.ext4 -d $WORKDIR/rootfs rootfs.img
|
|
\end{minted}
|
|
\end{enumerate}
|
|
rootfs.img 就是最后可以用 rockchip 的工具烧写到 MMC 上的欧拉系统。
|
|
|
|
\section{退出并清理}
|
|
\begin{minted}[bgcolor=lightgray!30,fontsize=\scriptsize]{bash}
|
|
exit
|
|
sudo umount -l rpi/dev/pts
|
|
sudo umount -l rpi/dev
|
|
sudo umount -l rpi/proc
|
|
sudo umount -l rpi/sys
|
|
\end{minted}
|
|
|
|
\chapter{构建 openEuler Embedded}
|
|
参考这里 \url{https://embedded.pages.openeuler.org/master/introduction/index.html}，把主要步骤记录一下。
|
|
\section{系统安装 docker }
|
|
\noindent 用 root 权限执行下面的命令：
|
|
\begin{minted}[bgcolor=lightgray!30,fontsize=\scriptsize]{bash}
|
|
groupadd docker
|
|
usermod -a -G docker user
|
|
apt-get install docker.io
|
|
systemctl restart docker
|
|
chmod o+rw /var/run/docker.sock
|
|
\end{minted}
|
|
|
|
\section{准备 oebuild 安装环境}
|
|
\subsection{安装 oebuild}
|
|
\noindent 执行以下命令：
|
|
\begin{minted}[bgcolor=lightgray!30,fontsize=\scriptsize]{bash}
|
|
pip3 install oebuild
|
|
\end{minted}
|
|
|
|
\subsection{创建安装目录}
|
|
\noindent 执行以下命令：
|
|
\begin{minted}[bgcolor=lightgray!30,fontsize=\scriptsize]{bash}
|
|
oebuild init yocto-oebuild -b openEuler-24.03-LTS
|
|
cd yocto-oebuild
|
|
oebuild update
|
|
oebuild update docker
|
|
oebuild generate -p ok3588 -d rk3588 -f systemd
|
|
\end{minted}
|
|
|
|
\section{制作 Rk3588 镜像和 SDK}
|
|
|
|
\subsection{添加客户要求软件}
|
|
编辑 ``build/rk3588/compile.yaml'' ， 在 ``local.conf:'' 下面添加必要软件，如下示例：
|
|
\begin{minted}[bgcolor=lightgray!30,fontsize=\scriptsize]{bash}
|
|
local_conf: |
|
|
INIT_MANAGER = "systemd"
|
|
VIRTUAL-RUNTIME_dev_manager = "systemd"
|
|
IMAGE_INSTALL:append = "tcpdump ethtool iperf2 bridge-utils minicom"
|
|
|
|
PREFERRED_PROVIDER_virtual/kernel ?= "linux-openeuler"
|
|
\end{minted}
|
|
|
|
其中 ``IMAGE\_INSTALL:append'' 是新增的内容。
|
|
|
|
\subsection{编译镜像文件}
|
|
\begin{minted}[bgcolor=lightgray!30,fontsize=\scriptsize]{bash}
|
|
cd build/rk3588
|
|
oebuild bitbake openeuler-image
|
|
oebuild bitbake openeuler-image -c do_populate_sdk
|
|
\end{minted}
|
|
|
|
\subsection{问题处理}
|
|
|
|
\begin{enumerate}[(1)]
|
|
\item {ERROR - ERROR: tcpdump-4.99.3-r0 do\_fetch: Bitbake Fetcher Error: FetchError(`Unable to fetch URL from any source.', `file://tcpdump-4.99.3.tar.gz')}
|
|
|
|
先用下面命令下载文件：
|
|
\begin{minted}[bgcolor=lightgray!30,fontsize=\scriptsize]{bash}
|
|
cd yocto-oebuild/src/yocto-meta-openembedded/meta-networking/\
|
|
recipes-support/tcpdump/tcpdump
|
|
wget -c http://www.tcpdump.org/release/tcpdump-4.99.3.tar.gz
|
|
wget -c https://gitee.com/src-openeuler/tcpdump/raw/master/\
|
|
backport-0002-Use-getnameinfo-instead-of-gethostbyaddr.patch
|
|
wget -c https://gitee.com/src-openeuler/tcpdump/raw/master/\
|
|
backport-0007-Introduce-nn-option.patch
|
|
wget -c https://gitee.com/src-openeuler/tcpdump/raw/master/\
|
|
backport-0009-Change-n-flag-to-nn-in-TESTonce.patch
|
|
wget -c https://gitee.com/src-openeuler/tcpdump/raw/master/\
|
|
tcpdump-Add-sw64-architecture.patch
|
|
\end{minted}
|
|
|
|
然后修改 ``\texttt{yocto-oebuild/src/yocto-meta-openeuler/meta-\\%
|
|
openeuler/dynamic-layers/networking-layer/recipes-support\\%
|
|
/tcpdump/tcpdump\_\%.bbappend}'' 文件中的 ``SRC\_URI[md5sum]'' 和
|
|
``SRC\_URI[sha256sum]''。例如：
|
|
|
|
\begin{minted}[bgcolor=lightgray!30,fontsize=\tiny]{bash}
|
|
SRC_URI[md5sum] = "491aeb15c1c72d59b9288a5a6953e8a9"
|
|
SRC_URI[sha256sum] = "ad75a6ed3dc0d9732945b2e5483cb41dc8b4b528a169315e499c6861952e73b3"
|
|
\end{minted}
|
|
|
|
\end{enumerate}
|
|
|