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164 lines
6.8 KiB
164 lines
6.8 KiB
\chapter{制作 ubuntu 文件系统}
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在 主机的 Ubuntu 系统里面，可以制作 aarch64 的文件系统，这里介绍一下步骤。
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\section{ 安装依赖软件}
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\begin{minted}[bgcolor=lightgray!30,fontsize=\footnotesize]{bash}
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sudo apt install qemu-user-static debootstrap
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\end{minted}
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\section{下载基础系统}
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这里以安装 Ubuntu 22.04 为例：
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\begin{minted}[bgcolor=lightgray!30,fontsize=\footnotesize]{bash}
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mkdir ubuntu
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sudo debootstrap --arch=arm64 --foreign jammy ubuntu
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sudo cp /usr/bin/qemu-aarch64-static ubuntu/usr/bin
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sudo chroot ubuntu /usr/bin/qemu-aarch64-static /bin/sh \
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-i /debootstrap/debootstrap --second-stage
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\end{minted}
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\section{安装必备软件}
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\subsection{安装基础软件}
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给目标系统安装常用程序：
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\begin{enumerate}[(1)]
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\item 进入目标系统：
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\begin{minted}[bgcolor=lightgray!30,fontsize=\footnotesize]{bash}
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sudo mount -o bind /sys ubuntu/sys
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sudo mount -o bind /proc ubuntu/proc
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sudo mount -o bind /dev ubuntu/dev
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sudo mount -o bind /dev/pts ubuntu/dev/pts
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sudo chroot ubuntu /usr/bin/qemu-aarch64-static /bin/bash -i
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\end{minted}
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\item 修改 /etc/apt/sources.list 如下：
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\begin{minted}[bgcolor=lightgray!30,fontsize=\footnotesize]{bash}
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deb http://ports.ubuntu.com/ jammy main universe
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deb-src http://ports.ubuntu.com/ jammy main universe
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deb http://ports.ubuntu.com/ jammy-security main universe
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deb-src http://ports.ubuntu.com/ jammy-security main universe
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deb http://ports.ubuntu.com/ jammy-updates main universe
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deb-src http://ports.ubuntu.com/ jammy-updates main universe
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\end{minted}
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\item 更新系统：
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\begin{minted}[bgcolor=lightgray!30,fontsize=\footnotesize]{bash}
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apt-get update
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apt-get dist-upgrade
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\end{minted}
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\item 安装常用软件：
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\begin{minted}[bgcolor=lightgray!30,fontsize=\footnotesize]{bash}
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apt-get install -y vim-nox build-essential gdb u-boot-tools rsync \
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socat jq tcpdump ifupdown minicom i2c-tools lrzsz tftp-hpa \
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net-tools dosfstools pciutils memtool ethtool unzip python3-pip
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\end{minted}
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\item 设置 root 密码：
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\begin{minted}[bgcolor=lightgray!30,fontsize=\footnotesize]{bash}
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passwd root
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\end{minted}
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\item 设置时区：
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\begin{minted}[bgcolor=lightgray!30,fontsize=\footnotesize]{bash}
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ln -sf /usr/share/zoneinfo/Asia/Shanghai /etc/localtime
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\end{minted}
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\item 设置 hostname：
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\begin{minted}[bgcolor=lightgray!30,fontsize=\footnotesize]{bash}
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echo sytc > /etc/hostname
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echo "127.0.0.1 sytc" >> /etc/hosts
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\end{minted}
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\item 设置bash为默认shell:
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\begin{minted}[bgcolor=lightgray!30,fontsize=\footnotesize]{bash}
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dpkg-reconfigure dash
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\end{minted}
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选择{\kx “}NO{\kx ”}。
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\item 配置 locals:
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\begin{minted}[bgcolor=lightgray!30,fontsize=\footnotesize]{bash}
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dpkg-reconfigure locales
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\end{minted}
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至少选择 en\_US.UTF-8 和 zh\_CN.UTF-8。
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\item 配置/etc/fstab,例如:
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\begin{minted}[bgcolor=lightgray!30,fontsize=\scriptsize]{bash}
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# <file system> <mount pt> <type> <options> <dump> <pass>
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/dev/root / auto rw,noauto 0 1
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tmpfs /tmp tmpfs mode=1777 0 0
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tmpfs /run tmpfs mode=0755,nosuid,nodev 0 0
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#PARTLABEL=oem /oem ext2 defaults 0 2
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PARTLABEL=userdata /userdata ext4 defaults 0 0
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proc /proc proc defaults 0 0
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devtmpfs /dev devtmpfs defaults 0 0
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devpts /dev/pts devpts mode=0620,ptmxmode=0666,gid=5 0 0
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tmpfs /dev/shm tmpfs nosuid,nodev,noexec 0 0
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sysfs /sys sysfs defaults 0 0
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debugfs /sys/kernel/debug debugfs defaults 0 0
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pstore /sys/fs/pstore pstore defaults 0 0
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\end{minted}
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\item 修改 getty 服务，使 root 自动登录。修改文件 /usr/lib/systemd/system/serial-getty@.service 的 ExecStart 对应的值：
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\begin{minted}[bgcolor=lightgray!30,fontsize=\scriptsize]{ini}
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[Service]
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# The '-o' option value tells agetty to replace 'login' arguments with an
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# option to preserve environment (-p), followed by '--' for safety, and then
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# the entered username.
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ExecStart=-/sbin/agetty --autologin root --noclear %I $TER
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#ExecStart=-/sbin/agetty -o '-p -- \\u' --keep-baud 115200,38400,9600 %I $TERM
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Type=idle
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\end{minted}
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使能串口服务：
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\begin{minted}[bgcolor=lightgray!30,fontsize=\scriptsize]{ini}
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systemctl enable serial-getty@ttyFIQ0.service
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\end{minted}
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\item 设置网络参数/etc/network/interfaces.d/eth1
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\begin{minted}[bgcolor=lightgray!30,fontsize=\scriptsize]{ini}
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auto eth1
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iface eth1 inet static
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address 192.168.1.80
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netmask 255.255.255.0
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gateway 192.168.1.1
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\end{minted}
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修改/etc/network/interfaces，执行命令：
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\begin{minted}[bgcolor=lightgray!30,fontsize=\scriptsize]{bash}
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echo "source-directory /etc/network/interfaces.d"> /etc/network/interfaces
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\end{minted}
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\end{enumerate}
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\subsection{安装 ssh server}
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\noindent 安装软件：
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\begin{minted}[bgcolor=lightgray!30,fontsize=\footnotesize]{bash}
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apt-get install openssh-server
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\end{minted}
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配置允许root登陆，将/etc/ssh/sshd\_config中的：
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\begin{minted}[bgcolor=lightgray!30,fontsize=\footnotesize]{bash}
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#PermitRootLogin prohibit-password
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\end{minted}
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改为：
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\begin{minted}[bgcolor=lightgray!30,fontsize=\footnotesize]{bash}
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PermitRootLogin yes
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\end{minted}
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\subsection{安装 rockchip 硬解码器}
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添加软件源：
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\begin{minted}[bgcolor=lightgray!30,fontsize=\footnotesize]{bash}
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apt-get install software-properties-common
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add-apt-repository ppa:george-coolpi/multimedia
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apt update
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\end{minted}
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安装 gstreamer ：
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\begin{minted}[bgcolor=lightgray!30,fontsize=\footnotesize]{bash}
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apt-get install libgstreamer1.0-dev libgstreamer-plugins-base1.0-dev \
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libgstreamer-plugins-bad1.0-dev gstreamer1.0-plugins-base \
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gstreamer1.0-plugins-good gstreamer1.0-plugins-bad \
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gstreamer1.0-plugins-ugly gstreamer1.0-libav gstreamer1.0-tools \
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gstreamer1.0-alsa gstreamer1.0-pulseaudio ffmpeg
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\end{minted}
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安装插件gstreamer1.0-rockchip
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\begin{minted}[bgcolor=lightgray!30,fontsize=\footnotesize]{bash}
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apt-get install gstreamer1.0-rockchip
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\end{minted}
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\subsection{打包成 ext4 文件系统}
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清理并退出 chroot 环境：
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\begin{minted}[bgcolor=lightgray!30,fontsize=\footnotesize]{bash}
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apt-get clean
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exit
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\end{minted}
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执行命令，打包成 ext4 的文件系统文件：
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\begin{minted}[bgcolor=lightgray!30,fontsize=\footnotesize]{bash}
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IMAGE_SIZE_MB=$(( $(sudo du -sh -m ubuntu | cut -f1) + 300 ))
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dd if=/dev/zero of=ubuntu.img bs=1M count=0 seek=${IMAGE_SIZE_MB}
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sudo mkfs.ext4 -d ubuntu ubuntu.img
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\end{minted}
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可以将 ubuntu.img 烧写到 EMMC 的 rootfs 分区上。
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